Hope’s Apparatus

Hope’s Apparatus is designed to show that water has maximum density at 4^oC . it consists of a cylindrical vessel surrounded by an annular through. The water in the lakes when freezes in Winters, then ice provides insulation to the dense water layer on the bottom , which enables Aquatic Life to survive.  Mixture of ice and salt is placed in the through and temperature of water at top and bottom of cylinder vessel is recorded.